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Tarmelu and Juren Ae: How the Marshall Islands set sail

The Republic of the Marshall Islands is currently the only country to have established its own fleet of sailing cargo ships. It supplements this with training for seafarers. As part of the move toward climate-neutral transport on water, sailing catamarans are set to replace boats with fossil fuel outboard motors within the lagoons of the atolls.
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Some basic elements of sailing

The oldest depiction of a sail dates back to ancient Egypt. Around the globe, peoples have used the wind for seafaring with a wide variety of sail shapes. The type and shape of the sail depended on the shape of the hull, the wind conditions in the area where the ship was sailing, its purpose, the materials available, and the size of the crew. Sailors have always incorporated their experience into the next new ships they built.
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Holistic ship project from the jungle

For years, the project has been a magnet for cargo sailing activists, wooden boat builders, and ecologically motivated volunteers. The Costarican company Sailcargo Inc. is building the wooden sailing cargo boat «Ceiba». Jobs and training for the local population, a reforestation program, and the cultivation of organic vegetables made the «Green Shipyard» an all-round ecological and social project. After setbacks, work is currently underway to resume construction.
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Ocean acidification has crossed the boundary into risk territory

If the planet is to remain habitable, we must respect planetary boundaries. A new report by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research shows that seven out of nine boundaries have already been exceeded. Ocean acidification is now one of these risk areas: The ocean is turning more acidic, threatening marine life as we cross into unsafe conditions with a worsening trend. With serious consequences also for the climate and the planetary system as a whole.
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Ammonia, the dubious promise

Ammonia does not contain carbon and is therefore being discussed as an alternative fuel for decarbonising the shipping industry. However, firstly, the combustion of ammonia also causes harmful emissions. And secondly, ammonia would only be around 90 per cent climate-neutral if it were produced from green hydrogen. However, the amount of green electricity required for its production is not available as quickly as needed.
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The Odyssey of the Ecoliner

Designed as a modern sailing cargo ship, the Ecoliner was developed in the first half of the 2010s. Companies such as Fairtransport in the Netherlands and Sailing Cargo Schifffahrtsbeteiligungs GmbH in Hamburg tried in vain to build the ship. At one point, it was even discussed as a car transporter for VW. Now Greenpeace is using the concept for its new flagship, and the Veer company in the Bahamas is working on the construction of a container ship.
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Nuclear ships won't save the climate

The shipping industry is under pressure. Even though the advancing climate crisis is not a high priority on land, measures such as the EU's emissions trading system and fuel measures are making greenhouse gas emissions more expensive at sea. However, decarbonized fuels are not available in sufficient quantities. As a result, nuclear technology, which was shelved after a few attempts at civilian ship propulsion, is back in the spotlight.
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